（浙(zhe)江工程建(jian)設(she)管理(li)有限公(gong)司  浙(zhe)江杭州(zhou)  310000）

摘 要：建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)健康發展(zhan)對我國(guo)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)起到了(le)(le)積極的(de)(de)促進作用(yong)。經(jing)過近(jin)年的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，我國(guo)監(jian)(jian)理(li)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)已經(jing)初具規模(mo)，行(xing)業(ye)(ye)整體(ti)發展(zhan)狀況(kuang)良好。為了(le)(le)能夠(gou)保持住良好的(de)(de)發展(zhan)勢頭，更重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)是能夠(gou)提高(gao)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)質量，房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)需要(yao)做出更多的(de)(de)貢獻。本(ben)文主要(yao)從監(jian)(jian)理(li)工作的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性、房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)職責、房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)中常見的(de)(de)問題、房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)的(de)(de)操(cao)作要(yao)點和實施這四方面，對房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)工作進行(xing)了(le)(le)分(fen)析。

關鍵詞：房屋建筑工程；監理；措施

現階段，我國(guo)房(fang)屋建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)作還存在許(xu)多(duo)的(de)問題，需(xu)要人們對監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)作有充分的(de)認(ren)識，做好房(fang)屋建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)作。隨著我國(guo)建(jian)筑行(xing)業的(de)不斷發展，房(fang)地產(chan)業的(de)發展也相應的(de)進入快車道。由于房(fang)屋建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)關(guan)系到人們的(de)生產(chan)生活，監(jian)(jian)理作為把控房(fang)屋質量的(de)關(guan)鍵一環(huan)，足以說明房(fang)屋建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理的(de)重要性。

一． 房(fang)屋建(jian)筑工(gong)程監理工(gong)作的重要性

(1)從施(shi)工(gong)方(fang)來看，監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展，有助(zhu)于協助(zhu)其更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)，及時發現施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，利于責任的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落實(shi)，保障(zhang)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)符合建設(she)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計要求；(2)站在居民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度來看，房屋建筑工(gong)程監(jian)(jian)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展是保證(zheng)他們(men)能否(fou)住(zhu)上(shang)安全房屋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵(jian)環節，關(guan)(guan)系到居民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日常生活和生命(ming)財產安全;(3)從建設(she)單位(wei)來看，有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)作(zuo)不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以為(wei)建設(she)單位(wei)節省人力和財力，還能保證(zheng)房屋質(zhi)量(liang)更(geng)符合規范(fan)要求，為(wei)建設(she)單位(wei)在市場競爭中提供積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助(zhu)。

二． 房屋(wu)建筑工程(cheng)監理的職責

房屋(wu)建筑工程監理的職責主要(yao)體(ti)現在(zai)以下(xia)方(fang)面：

1. 施工進(jin)(jin)度監(jian)管。監(jian)理人員要(yao)(yao)根據工程的(de)(de)計劃進(jin)(jin)度，按(an)時進(jin)(jin)行施工進(jin)(jin)度中的(de)(de)監(jian)督、檢查工作。如(ru)果出現實際進(jin)(jin)度推遲的(de)(de)現象，監(jian)理方(fang)需要(yao)(yao)與建(jian)設方(fang)進(jin)(jin)行協調，根據合(he)同(tong)來采取相應(ying)的(de)(de)解決措施；如(ru)果出現非承包(bao)商(shang)方(fang)面的(de)(de)延誤工期，需要(yao)(yao)立即進(jin)(jin)行簽證的(de)(de)辦理，還要(yao)(yao)及時告知甲方(fang)代表(biao)。

2. 現場(chang)組(zu)建監理機構(gou)。根(gen)據合同的要求(qiu)，以及施工(gong)(gong)項目整體狀況，現場(chang)組(zu)建合理規模的監理機構(gou)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總監理工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師要對相(xiang)關監理人員(yuan)有充分(fen)(fen)的了解(jie)，做(zuo)好崗(gang)位的分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)調配，盡量做(zuo)到發揮每個監理人員(yuan)的優勢(shi)，為房屋建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理工(gong)(gong)作的順利開展起(qi)到有益的幫助。

3. 重視質量(liang)問題。通(tong)常情況下，房(fang)屋建(jian)筑工(gong)程在施工(gong)前期，監理人(ren)員作為質量(liang)監管方(fang)，需要對施工(gong)方(fang)的(de)質檢人(ren)員、施工(gong)組的(de)負(fu)責人(ren)進行質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)的(de)宣傳，加強(qiang)各(ge)方(fang)的(de)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)意識，保證房(fang)屋施工(gong)建(jian)筑工(gong)程的(de)順(shun)利實施。

4. 完工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)。完工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)是房屋建筑工(gong)(gong)程工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)的最后階段，需要(yao)建設方進(jin)行(xing)嚴(yan)格的把(ba)關。監理方需要(yao)在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)結束后，根(gen)據相(xiang)關的法(fa)律(lv)、各種規范(fan)標(biao)準(zhun)以及合同(tong)文件(jian)，對(dui)承包方的竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)資料進(jin)行(xing)詳(xiang)細的檢查，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)程實(shi)體進(jin)行(xing)完工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)。

三． 房屋建筑(zhu)工程監理中常見的問(wen)題

1. 監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)方面。我(wo)國(guo)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)數(shu)量龐大，但是很多的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)自身卻存在(zai)諸多的(de)(de)問題。我(wo)國(guo)很多的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)制(zhi)度不健全，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)組織機(ji)構、管理(li)(li)(li)體(ti)制(zhi)等方面不夠合理(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)對(dui)施工(gong)項目進行監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)時，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)責(ze)任意識薄弱，導致業(ye)主(zhu)對(dui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)印象差，對(dui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作不放心(xin)。

2. 監(jian)理(li)制(zhi)度方面。在(zai)房屋建(jian)筑工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)進(jin)程(cheng)中，監(jian)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)通常(chang)(chang)只在(zai)施工(gong)階段進(jin)行(xing)。監(jian)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)在(zai)施工(gong)階段，工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)設(she)計階段、招標階段都需要進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)理(li)活動的(de)開展。監(jian)理(li)方在(zai)收到委(wei)托后，通常(chang)(chang)是(shi)在(zai)施工(gong)階段，監(jian)理(li)人員不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)邊(bian)熟悉(xi)項目整體情況(kuang)，邊(bian)進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，對于監(jian)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)順利(li)進(jin)行(xing)是(shi)非常(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)利(li)的(de)。

3. 監(jian)(jian)理行(xing)業方(fang)面(mian)(mian)。現(xian)(xian)階段，我國監(jian)(jian)理行(xing)業面(mian)(mian)臨著不(bu)(bu)規(gui)范化的現(xian)(xian)狀。監(jian)(jian)理人(ren)員無證上(shang)崗現(xian)(xian)象很普遍，很多的施工單(dan)位、建設單(dan)位都忽(hu)略了監(jian)(jian)理人(ren)員的憑(ping)證上(shang)崗，導(dao)致(zhi)監(jian)(jian)理方(fang)的監(jian)(jian)理水(shui)平整(zheng)體(ti)不(bu)(bu)高(gao)；伴隨著房屋建筑工程行(xing)業的高(gao)速(su)發展，行(xing)業的經(jing)濟利潤(run)也(ye)明(ming)顯增(zeng)加，導(dao)致(zhi)區域保護政策出現(xian)(xian)，不(bu)(bu)利于房屋建筑工程的市場經(jing)濟化。

四． 加強房屋建筑工程監理工作(zuo)的措施

1. 整頓監(jian)理(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)。在我(wo)國，監(jian)理(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)有著龐大的(de)數量，但監(jian)理(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)良莠不(bu)齊(qi)，整體質量較低，政府需(xu)要整頓監(jian)理(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)，注重企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)合法化、規范(fan)化；監(jian)理(li)(li)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)本(ben)身需(xu)要把企(qi)(qi)業(ye)做好、做強，努力樹立企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)形(xing)象，提高社會公眾對企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)信任度，從而提高企(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)競爭力。

 2. 完善(shan)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)與制(zhi)度(du)(du)。（1） 監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)不僅是在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段，更(geng)應(ying)該重(zhong)視(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)房屋建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期(qi)(qi)，對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原材料(liao)(liao)、設(she)備進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)，合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，比(bi)如(ru)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人數的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)排、組(zu)織管理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式、檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)等(deng)等(deng)。對(dui)(dui)各種(zhong)規范標(biao)準，如(ru)材料(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準以及技(ji)術(shu)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準，都要(yao)有(you)深入的(de)(de)(de)(de)了解(jie)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)材料(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)審查(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)當中，需要(yao)重(zhong)視(shi)對(dui)(dui)半成品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)。針對(dui)(dui)混(hun)凝土工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，必須保證施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)用到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水泥、砂(sha)石等(deng)原材料(liao)(liao)符合(he)建筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)準。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期(qi)(qi)，需要(yao)組(zu)織建設(she)方(fang)(fang)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)安(an)全會議(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)展。（2） 房屋建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)需要(yao)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)和完善(shan)。建筑行(xing)(xing)業正在(zai)(zai)不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，在(zai)(zai)其發展的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)當中，出(chu)現了許多新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，這些都促使(shi)房屋監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)與完善(shan)。完善(shan)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規制(zhi)度(du)(du)，提出(chu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)總監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師需要(yao)對(dui)(dui)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)責任劃分，落實監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)責任制(zhi)，保證監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)開(kai)展。

3. 規(gui)范監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)。我(wo)國政府要嚴格(ge)規(gui)范監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)，整(zheng)頓房屋建(jian)筑工程領域的監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)場。明確監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人員必須要有監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)從業(ye)資格(ge)證書才(cai)能上崗，監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)方也應該重視監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)人員的能力；取締區域保護(hu)政策，隨著(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場經濟的發(fa)展(zhan)，一切經濟活(huo)動都(dou)應該按(an)市(shi)(shi)場規(gui)律(lv)辦事，按(an)市(shi)(shi)場規(gui)律(lv)發(fa)展(zhan)，而不是行(xing)(xing)(xing)政體(ti)制的干預，這樣，從長遠來看，對監(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)，對我(wo)國建(jian)筑業(ye)都(dou)是極為(wei)有利的。

5 結束語

房屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)落實，關(guan)系(xi)(xi)到的(de)(de)不僅是建(jian)設方(fang)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)，更關(guan)系(xi)(xi)到用戶(hu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命財產安全(quan)。對于監理人員來說，是一項不可懈怠的(de)(de)重要職責。隨(sui)著市場經(jing)濟的(de)(de)快速發(fa)展(zhan)，房屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)業也獲得了良好(hao)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)勢頭。房屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監理作(zuo)為房屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)整體過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)重要環節，日益受到建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行業的(de)(de)重視，形成施工(gong)(gong)(gong)前、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)后全(quan)面完整的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)性監理體系(xi)(xi)，監理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)房屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)起著十分(fen)重要的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。

參考文獻

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