（浙江(jiang)工程建設管(guan)理有(you)限(xian)公司  浙江(jiang)杭州  310000）

摘 要：建(jian)筑行業的(de)(de)健康發展(zhan)(zhan)對我國(guo)經濟的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)起到(dao)了(le)積極(ji)的(de)(de)促進作(zuo)用。經過近年的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，我國(guo)監理行業已經初具規模，行業整體發展(zhan)(zhan)狀(zhuang)況良好。為(wei)了(le)能夠(gou)保持住良好的(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)勢頭，更重(zhong)要的(de)(de)是能夠(gou)提高(gao)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑的(de)(de)質(zhi)量，房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監理需(xu)要做出更多(duo)的(de)(de)貢獻。本文主(zhu)要從(cong)監理工作(zuo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要性、房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監理的(de)(de)職責(ze)、房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監理中常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)問題、房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監理的(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)要點和實施這四方面(mian)，對房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)建(jian)筑工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監理工作(zuo)進行了(le)分析。

關鍵詞：房屋建筑工程；監理；措施

現階段，我(wo)國(guo)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作還存在許多(duo)的問(wen)題(ti)，需要人們對(dui)監理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作有充(chong)分的認識，做好房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作。隨著我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)行業的不斷發展，房(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)產業的發展也相應的進(jin)入快車道。由于房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)關(guan)(guan)系到人們的生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活，監理(li)(li)作為把控房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)質量的關(guan)(guan)鍵一環，足以說明(ming)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監理(li)(li)的重要性(xing)。

一(yi)． 房屋建筑工程監理工作(zuo)的重要(yao)性

(1)從施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)來看，監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)開展(zhan)，有助于協助其(qi)更好的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，及(ji)時發現施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量的(de)問題，利于責任的(de)落實，保障(zhang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量符合(he)建(jian)設(she)方(fang)的(de)設(she)計要(yao)求(qiu)；(2)站在居民的(de)角度(du)來看，房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程監理(li)的(de)開展(zhan)是保證(zheng)他們能否住上(shang)安(an)全房(fang)屋(wu)的(de)關鍵(jian)環(huan)節(jie)，關系(xi)到居民的(de)日常生活(huo)和(he)生命財產(chan)安(an)全;(3)從建(jian)設(she)單位來看，有效(xiao)的(de)監理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作不僅可以為建(jian)設(she)單位節(jie)省人(ren)力和(he)財力，還(huan)能保證(zheng)房(fang)屋(wu)質量更符合(he)規范(fan)要(yao)求(qiu)，為建(jian)設(she)單位在市場競爭中(zhong)提供積(ji)極的(de)幫助。

二． 房屋建(jian)筑工程(cheng)監理的職責

房(fang)屋建(jian)筑工(gong)程監理的(de)職責(ze)主要體現在以下方面：

1. 施工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)。監(jian)(jian)理人員要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)工(gong)程的(de)計劃進(jin)(jin)度(du)，按時進(jin)(jin)行施工(gong)進(jin)(jin)度(du)中的(de)監(jian)(jian)督、檢查工(gong)作。如(ru)果出現(xian)實際進(jin)(jin)度(du)推遲的(de)現(xian)象，監(jian)(jian)理方(fang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)與建設(she)方(fang)進(jin)(jin)行協調(diao)，根據(ju)合同來采取(qu)相應的(de)解決措(cuo)施；如(ru)果出現(xian)非承包商方(fang)面的(de)延誤工(gong)期，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)立即進(jin)(jin)行簽(qian)證(zheng)的(de)辦理，還(huan)要(yao)(yao)及時告知(zhi)甲方(fang)代表。

2. 現場(chang)組建監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)機構。根據合同的要(yao)求，以及施工(gong)項目整體狀況，現場(chang)組建合理(li)(li)(li)規模的監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)機構。工(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)程(cheng)師要(yao)對(dui)相關監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員有充分的了解，做好崗位的分工(gong)調(diao)配，盡量做到(dao)發揮(hui)每個監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員的優勢，為(wei)房屋建筑工(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)作的順利(li)開(kai)展起到(dao)有益的幫助。

3. 重視質(zhi)量(liang)問題。通常(chang)情況下(xia)，房(fang)屋建筑(zhu)(zhu)工程在施(shi)(shi)工前期，監(jian)(jian)理人(ren)員作(zuo)為(wei)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)管方，需要對(dui)施(shi)(shi)工方的(de)質(zhi)檢人(ren)員、施(shi)(shi)工組的(de)負責人(ren)進(jin)行質(zhi)量(liang)安全的(de)宣傳，加強各方的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)安全意識，保(bao)證房(fang)屋施(shi)(shi)工建筑(zhu)(zhu)工程的(de)順利實施(shi)(shi)。

4. 完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)是房屋建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)最(zui)后階段(duan)，需要建設方進行嚴格的(de)把關(guan)。監理(li)方需要在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度結束后，根據相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)法(fa)律(lv)、各種規范標準以及合同文(wen)件，對承包方的(de)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資料進行詳細的(de)檢查，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實體進行完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。

三． 房屋建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程監理中常見的問題(ti)

1. 監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)方面。我(wo)(wo)國監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)數量龐大，但是很多的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)自身卻(que)存在諸多的(de)問(wen)題。我(wo)(wo)國很多的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)制(zhi)度(du)不健全，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)組織(zhi)機構、管理(li)(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)等方面不夠合理(li)(li)(li)(li)。在對施工項(xiang)目(mu)進行(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)時(shi)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)責任意識(shi)薄弱，導致(zhi)業(ye)(ye)主(zhu)對監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)印象差，對監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)(li)(li)工作不放心。

2. 監(jian)理(li)(li)制度方(fang)面。在(zai)房(fang)屋建筑工程(cheng)施工進程(cheng)中，監(jian)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)通常只在(zai)施工階(jie)段進行(xing)(xing)。監(jian)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)不僅是在(zai)施工階(jie)段，工程(cheng)的(de)設計階(jie)段、招(zhao)標(biao)階(jie)段都需(xu)要進行(xing)(xing)監(jian)理(li)(li)活(huo)動的(de)開展。監(jian)理(li)(li)方(fang)在(zai)收到委(wei)托后，通常是在(zai)施工階(jie)段，監(jian)理(li)(li)人員不得不邊熟悉(xi)項目整體(ti)情況，邊進行(xing)(xing)監(jian)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)，對(dui)于監(jian)理(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)順利進行(xing)(xing)是非常不利的(de)。

3. 監理行(xing)業(ye)方(fang)面。現階段(duan)，我國監理行(xing)業(ye)面臨著不規范化的(de)(de)現狀。監理人員無證(zheng)上崗(gang)現象很(hen)普遍，很(hen)多的(de)(de)施工(gong)單位、建設單位都忽略了監理人員的(de)(de)憑證(zheng)上崗(gang)，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)監理方(fang)的(de)(de)監理水平整體(ti)不高；伴隨(sui)著房(fang)屋(wu)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)高速發展，行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)經(jing)濟利潤(run)也明(ming)顯增加，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)區域保護政策出現，不利于房(fang)屋(wu)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)市場經(jing)濟化。

四． 加強(qiang)房(fang)屋(wu)建筑工程監理(li)工作的措施

1. 整頓監理(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)。在我國，監理(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)有著(zhu)龐大的(de)數(shu)量，但監理(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)良莠不齊，整體質量較低，政府(fu)需(xu)要(yao)整頓監理(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)，注(zhu)重企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)合(he)法化(hua)、規范化(hua)；監理(li)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)本身需(xu)要(yao)把企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)做好、做強，努力樹立企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)形象(xiang)，提高社會公(gong)眾(zhong)對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)信任(ren)度，從而提高企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)的(de)競爭力。

 2. 完善監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)與(yu)制度(du)。（1） 監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)不僅是在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段(duan)，更應該重視施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期的(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)在(zai)房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期，對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)的(de)原(yuan)材料、設(she)備(bei)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)詳細的(de)檢查(cha)，合(he)理(li)(li)控制施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)的(de)每個環節(jie)的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，比如施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)數(shu)的(de)安排、組(zu)織(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、檢查(cha)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)等等。對(dui)各種規(gui)范(fan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，如材料方(fang)(fang)面的(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)以及(ji)技術方(fang)(fang)面的(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，都(dou)要(yao)有深入的(de)了解。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)在(zai)對(dui)材料進行(xing)(xing)(xing)審查(cha)的(de)過程(cheng)當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)重視對(dui)半(ban)成品的(de)檢查(cha)。針對(dui)混凝土工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，必須保證(zheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用到的(de)水(shui)泥、砂石(shi)等原(yuan)材料符合(he)建(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)期，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)組(zu)織(zhi)建(jian)設(she)方(fang)(fang)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)，進行(xing)(xing)(xing)安全會議(yi)的(de)開展(zhan)。（2） 房(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)制度(du)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)更新(xin)(xin)和完善。建(jian)筑行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)正(zheng)在(zai)不斷的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，在(zai)其發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)過程(cheng)當(dang)(dang)中(zhong)，出現了許多(duo)新(xin)(xin)的(de)情況(kuang)，新(xin)(xin)的(de)問題(ti)，這些都(dou)促使房(fang)屋(wu)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)制度(du)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)更新(xin)(xin)與(yu)完善。完善監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)的(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)制度(du)，提(ti)出新(xin)(xin)的(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)部門的(de)總監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要(yao)對(dui)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)責任劃分(fen)，落實(shi)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)責任制，保證(zheng)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)有效開展(zhan)。

3. 規(gui)(gui)范監理行業。我國政府要嚴格規(gui)(gui)范監理行業，整頓(dun)房屋建筑工程領域的(de)監理市(shi)場(chang)。明(ming)確(que)監理人員必(bi)須要有監理從業資格證書(shu)才能(neng)(neng)上崗，監理方也應(ying)該(gai)重視監理人員的(de)能(neng)(neng)力；取締(di)區域保護政策，隨著市(shi)場(chang)經濟(ji)的(de)發展(zhan)，一切經濟(ji)活動(dong)都(dou)(dou)應(ying)該(gai)按市(shi)場(chang)規(gui)(gui)律辦事(shi)，按市(shi)場(chang)規(gui)(gui)律發展(zhan)，而不是行政體制的(de)干(gan)預(yu)，這樣，從長遠來看，對監理行業，對我國建筑業都(dou)(dou)是極為(wei)有利(li)的(de)。

5 結束語

房屋(wu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)落實，關系(xi)到的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)僅是(shi)建設方、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)方，更(geng)關系(xi)到用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)財產(chan)安全(quan)。對(dui)于(yu)監(jian)(jian)理人員來說，是(shi)一項不(bu)可懈怠(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)職責。隨(sui)著(zhu)市場經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速發展，房屋(wu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程業也(ye)獲得了良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展勢(shi)頭。房屋(wu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)(jian)理作為房屋(wu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)整體(ti)過程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)環(huan)節，日(ri)益受到建筑(zhu)(zhu)行業的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視，形(xing)成施(shi)工(gong)(gong)前、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)后(hou)全(quan)面(mian)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統性監(jian)(jian)理體(ti)系(xi)，監(jian)(jian)理工(gong)(gong)作在房屋(wu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)起著(zhu)十分重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。

參考文獻

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